Camera , Sound and Editing (Done)

Camera: When filming there are alot of different things the camera can do to give different effects. Other than types of shots there are also different types of movement.

• Crabbing shot

  The term crabbing shot is a less-common version of tracking, trucking and/or dollying. These terms are more or less interchangeable, although dollying tends to mean in-and-out movement whereas the others tend to mean side-to-side movement at a constant distance from the action.

• Dolly Shot
  
  A dolly is a cart which travels along tracks. The camera is mounted on the dolly and records the shot as it moves. Dolly shots have a number of applications and can provide very dramatic footage.
  In many circles a dolly shot is also known as a tracking shot or trucking shot. However some professionals prefer the more rigid terminology which defines dolly as in-and-out movement (i.e. closer/further away from the subject), while tracking means side-to-side movement.
  
  
• Dolly Zoom
  
  A dolly zoom is a cinematic technique in which the camera moves closer or further from the subject while simultaneously adjusting the zoom angle to keep the subject the same size in the frame. The effect is that the subject appears stationary while the background size changes (this is called perspective distortion).
  
  
• Follow Shot
  
  The Follow shot is fairly self-explanatory. It simply means that the camera follows the subject ot action. The following distance is usually kept more or less constant.
  
  
• Camera Pan
  

  A pan is a horizontal camera movement in which the camera moves left and right about a central axis. This is a swiveling movement, i.e. mounted in a fixed location on a tripod or shoulder, rather than a dolly-like movement in which the entire mounting system moves.
  

• Camera Tilt
  
  A tilt is a vertical camera movement in which the camera points up or down from a stationary location. For example, if you mount a camera on your shoulder and nod it up and down, you are tilting the camera.
  
  
• Zoom Shot
  
  A zoom is technically not a camera move as it does not require the camera itself to move at all. Zooming means altering the focal length of the lens to give the illusion of moving closer to or further away from the action.
  (http://www.mediacollege.com/video/shots/movement.html)
  

Sound:

• Diegetic sound
  
  

  Sound whose source is visible on the screen or whose source is implied to be present by the action of the film:

• voices of characters
• sounds made by objects in the story
• music represented as coming from instruments in the story space ( = source music)
  
  Diegetic sound is any sound presented as originated from source within the film's world Digetic sound can be either on screen or off screen depending on whatever its source is within the frame or outside the frame.
  
  
• Non diegetic sound
  
  Sound whose source is neither visible on the screen nor has been implied to be present in the action:
• narrator's commentary
• sound effects which is added for the dramatic effect
• mood music
  
  Non-diegetic sound is represented as coming from the a source outside story space.
  The distinction between diegetic or non-diegetic sound depends on our understanding of the conventions of film viewing and listening. We know of that certain sounds are represented as coming from the story world, while others are represented as coming from outside the space of the story events. A play with diegetic and non-diegetic conventions can be used to create ambiguity (horror), or to surprise the audience (comedy).
  (http://filmsound.org/terminology/diegetic.htm)
  

Editing:

Video Transitions - The most common transition is the cut, in which one shot changes instantly to the next. The next most common transition is the crossfade (AKA mix or dissolve), where one shot gradually fades into the next. Advanced transitions include wipes and digital effects, where shots whiz about or do complex changes whilst leading into the next.

Manipulating Time -

There are three possible ways to present time in a video or film sequence:

1. Time is expanded, i.e. slower than real-time. For example, you might have a fight sequence that is shown in slow motion and/or from several different angles. An action sequence that only took a few seconds in real time might take half a minute on video.
2. Real-time. The time in the video is exactly the same as the time it was recorded in. Examples: Live music video; sports event; a walk-through of a scene without interrupting the recording.
3. Time is compressed. This is by far the most common situation. The story takes place over a longer time period than can be used in the video so various tricks are used to compress time into an acceptable duration. Virtually all feature films use time compression — stories can be set over weeks, months or years but still fit within a few hours of film time
   (http://www.mediacollege.com/video/editing/)